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A lymphangioma is a proliferative, benign neoformation of a network of vessels, originating in a proliferation of the epithelium of the lymphatic system (lymphangioma). It can present at birth or during the first months of life (as a congenital variant and/or manifestation of an oral, systemic pathology, eg. Sturge–Weber syndrome, Maffucci syndrome,...

A lipoma is a benign tumour which originates in the fatty cells of the sub-mucosa. Clinically, it presents as a painless swelling, with an intact, overlying epithelium. The lesion is yellow-greyish. It can affect any point in the oral cavity and it presents mainly on the buccal mucosa, the tongue and mouth...

A neuroma is a benign tumour of neural origin. It is mainly composed of Schwann cells and axons, which are probably the result of trauma. The tumour mainly occurs in the palate and rarely on the lip. Diagnosis is effected histologically and treatment is surgical.

Papilloma is a benign, exophytic lesion, which should be examined histo-pathologically, following a total excision; it can be associated with HPV infections.

A rhabdomyoma is a rare, benign tumour, originating in the cells of striated muscle, predominantly involving the head-neck area. In the oral cavity it presents as a sub-mucosal neoformation, which is well-defined and generally asymptomatic. In the oral cavity a rhabdomyoma typically involves: the oral floor, soft palate, tongue and buccal mucosa. Diagnosis is...

An abscess is a collection of inflammatory material, deriving from an acute, infective process whose origin is predominantly endo- and/or periodontal. Clinically, it presents as a swelling of varying dimensions, located on the intra-oral and extra-oral levels. An abscess has a fluctuating, hardish-elastic  consistency. It can also communicate externally, following the spontaneous creation of...

It is a reactive lesion of unknown origin resulting from a process of bone destruction. On the basis of the location, central types can be distinguished, which affect the intra-bone areas, and peripheral types affecting the gingival tissue. In the majority of cases both types are situated in the forward part of...

A mucocele is a submucosal swelling with a hard-elastic texture, translucent in appearance, often the result of a traumatic event (e.g. biting or other related habit). It is caused by the rupturing of the duct of a minor salivary gland and its secretion into the submucosa. It is generally asymptomatic but does not...

A neurofibroma is a benign tumour which originates in perineural fibroblasts. It is generally a neoformation and in rarer cases, lesions can be multiple when they form a part of the clinical picture of Von Recklinghausen's disease or neurofibromatosis. The latter is a hereditary pathology, which is characterised by the formation of mucosal...

Phlegmon is an acute infection which takes hold and spreads throughout the superficial or deep connective tissue. It is characterized by oedema and hyperemia, devoid of limiting inflammatory walls, and festering tissue is scarce or absent, unlike an abscess. Phlegmon is usually caused by bacteria (eg. Staphylococci), which, after long, external exposure or directly...