koweb

Many drugs (including amiodarone, ketoconazolo, tetracycline and chlorhexidine) have been associated with the presence of pigmented lesions in the oral cavity. From a pathogenetic point of view, the mechanisms by which these lesions can co-exist vary: 1) a direct depositing on the oral surface; 2) a peripheral accumulation after systemic absorption; 3) by...

Systemic condition: Addison disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Laugier-Hunzi syndrome, Albright syndrome, Haemochromatosis

Also termed “chloasma”, pregnancy pigmentation is a pigmentation of the skin and/or mucosa which appears during pregnancy due to hormonal stimulation. No treatment is required because the condition generally disappears at the conclusion of the pregnancy. However, exposure to the sun should be minimised.

Physiological or racial pigmentation involves dark pigmentation throughout the oral cavity, particularly the buccal, masticatory and palatal mucosa in black or dark-skinned patients. The pigmentation is widespread, not marked by sex, appearing as dark or as light at the natural pigmentation of the patient. The pigmentation is of no pathological significance and, therefore, requires...

Smoker’s melanosis occurs as a dark pigmentation on the mucosa of the oral cavity, particularly the masticatory mucosa of the buccal aspect of the jawbone. The pigmentation is caused in turn by an overproduction of melanin by melanocytes, which are stimulated anomalously. If the patient stops smoking, the pigmentation tends to regress spontaneously over...

Torus is a congenital bone neoformation, which is usually bilaterally, presenting on the midline of the palate and/or on ventral mandible (bilateral). It can be totally covered with mucosa and its dimensions are generally less than 2cm in diameter; no treatment is required unless there is trauma or prosthetics are used.

Cysts are lesions which are characterised by a liquid-filled sac, which is covered by an internal, epithelial wall and external, connective shell. They develop following a degenerative mechanism which causes the activation of epithelial residues located in the jawbone. There exists a wide variety of clinical forms of cysts, which are differentiated by:...

Condyloma is a benign, exophytic lesion, which requires histopathological investigation after total excision; it is often associated with an HPV infection.

A fibroma is a benign sessile neo-formation, which is covered in pink, healthy mucosa (occasionally keratinized), not painful, with a hardish-elastic texture, and often situated on the buccal mucosa or the internal labial mucosa. It varies in size, often originating after an acute or chronic trauma (e.g. traumatic occlusion). Such a case...

A leiomyoma is a benign tumour which originates in smooth muscle cells. It occurs mainly in the uterus, the stomach and the oesophagus. In the oral cavity, a leiomyoma lesion is rare, presenting clinically as a sub-mucosal mass, which is asymptomatic and generally slow-growing. A leiomyoma can occur at any age, and most...