_DISEASES_EN

Nicotine stomatitis presents as white plaque, which cannot be removed; it is associated with numerous, red, point-like areas on the hard palate, resulting in inflammation of minor salivary glands. It occurs frequently in hardened smokers, it is generally asymptomatic and tends to regress over a period of 2 weeks if the smoke habit is...

Aphthous-like lesions are erosive or ulcerative lesions with erythematous margins and a fibrinous surface. They occur as single or multiple lesions, recurring cyclically and they are particularly painful and burning in nature, above all when coming into contact with food or irritating substances. If a diagnosis of primary aphthous stomatitis is excluded, the...

Lesion clinically appearing as a red-coloured (erosion, ulcer, bulla), occurring after contact with a external (e.g. pencil, screwdriver) or internal traumatic agent (e.g. food, an unsuitable filling or fractured teeth/residual root). Once the agent has been identified, its elimination is advisable and the application of a hyaluronic gel with amino acids. If the...

Smoker’s melanosis occurs as a dark pigmentation on the mucosa of the oral cavity, particularly the masticatory mucosa of the buccal aspect of the jawbone. The pigmentation is caused in turn by an overproduction of melanin by melanocytes, which are stimulated anomalously. If the patient stops smoking, the pigmentation tends to regress spontaneously over...

A pyogenic granuloma is an exophytic lesion (neoformation) which is predominantly inflammatory in nature. It appears as a sessile neoformation, mainly situated on the masticatory mucosa, particularly in the frontal sectors of the oral cavity. It is covered by integral, pink mucosa more rarely red-mauvish with a smooth or lobulated surface. Where its...

Hystoplasmosis is an infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. The latter causes primitive pulmonary lesions and disseminated histoplasmosis. There can be swelling or ulcers in the oral cavity. Diagnosis is based on isolating the bacterium via an oral biopsy. Treatment is the domain of a pulmonologist.

Metastases of other primary tumours can present in the jawbones, albeit rarely, with a higher frequency in the lower jaw. Generally, these lesions in adults originate from carcinoma of the breast and genitals in women, and pulmonary, kidney and skin carcinoma in men. From a clinical point of view, there can be teeth loss,...

Smoker’s leukoplakia are white patches or plaques, which cannot be removed; they are often located at the base of the tongue or on the palate of patients who smoke tobacco and tobacco-related products. An incisional biopsy and histopathological examination should be performed. The patient should also receive counselling to quit smoking; the latter, when...

Migrating glossitis or stomatitis is also defined as ‘geographic tongue’ or ‘migrating erythema’; it is a developmental defect whose cause is still unknown. Migrating glossitis presents with erythematous areas (patches or plaques) on the upper surface of the tongue, where there is a loss of lingual papillae, and it is surrounded by whitish margins...

Erythema multiforme (EM) and correlated disorders (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and Lyell’s syndrome) are immune-mediated, muco-cutaneous conditions, which are characterised by a wide range of clinical symptoms with varying degrees of severity. EM mainly affects young adults as teenagers or young adults; 20% of cases concern children. It heals spontaneously and is characterised...