_DISEASES_EN

Erythema multiforme (EM) and correlated disorders (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and Lyell’s syndrome) are immune-mediated, muco-cutaneous conditions, which are characterised by a wide range of clinical symptoms with varying degrees of severity. EM mainly affects young adults as teenagers or young adults; 20% of cases concern children. It heals spontaneously and is characterised...

Torus is a congenital bone neoformation, which is usually bilaterally, presenting on the midline of the palate and/or on ventral mandible (bilateral). It can be totally covered with mucosa and its dimensions are generally less than 2cm in diameter; no treatment is required unless there is trauma or prosthetics are used.

Mucous retention cysts are sub-mucosal neoformations with a hard-elastic consistency and translucent appearance. They are caused by an obstruction of an excretory duct of a saliva gland and frequently located on the floor of the mouth. They are generally asymptomatic, they vary in volume and they do not tend to disappear spontaneously. Total,...

Herpes simplex is a viral infection which is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) with marked tropism in the oral-facial area, eyes and upper cutaneous diaphragm. It can remain in a latent state in the trigeminal nerve, persisting throughout the patient’s life. It can be reactivated – with clinical signs –...

RMS is a neoplasia, occurring in muscular, skeletal tissue. It is very common in infancy (representing 60% of infant sarcomas) and rare in adults. It often occurs in the maxillo-facial area (35% of cases). The tumour presents as a painless, infiltrating and quickly growing mass. The most frequent intra-oral site is...

Frictional keratosis presents as a white lesion (macule or plaque) determined by repeatedly trauma, in turn caused by particularly sharp dentures, ill-fitting dentures or poor oral habits (e.g. biting the cheek), leading to a reaction of the mucosa in the oral cavity. The production of keratin is increased in areas which are not generally...

Syphilitic leukoplakia is a white patch or plaque, which cannot be removed. It can be found in patients with bacterial infections of Treponema pallidum. Syphilitic leukoplakia is an expression of tertiary syphilis in the oral cavity and it can become potentially malignant. Treatment of the primary infectious disease is mandatory.

Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune diseases which affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is chronic and occurs in male and female patients between 40 and 60 years of age. The antigens targeted by the auto-antibodies are components of intercellular adhesion, namely desmosomes. Specifically, autoantibodies are formed against desmoglein 3, which is...

Cysts are lesions which are characterised by a liquid-filled sac, which is covered by an internal, epithelial wall and external, connective shell. They develop following a degenerative mechanism which causes the activation of epithelial residues located in the jawbone. There exists a wide variety of clinical forms of cysts, which are differentiated by:...

An eruptive cyst is a benign lesion normally associated with tooth eruption. On the basis of the current World Health Organisation classification (WHO) of cysts of the oral cavity, an eruptive cyst is categorised separately from an odontogenous cyst; the former develops around the crown of an unerupted tooth at the level of the...